It's consensus that the very similar apparent sizes of the Moon and the Sun as seen from Earth is a coincidence (as already answered in this site). This provides us with almost exact total solar astronomy - How big a coincidence is the Sun and Moon having almost ... This question is inspired by a similar one asked on Quora.

Understanding the Context

Let's say a wizard magicked Jupiter into the Sun, with or without high velocity. What happens? The Quora question has two completely oppo... The core temperature of the sun is on the order of 15 million degrees kelvin while its surface temperature is around 6000k.

Key Insights

What are the main factors which determine the surface temperature of the... Besides the moon, the sun has a tidal component for the earths oceans, and when that crashes into continents the energy absorbed comes from the potential energy of the sun-earth system. I am not sure how this compares to the distance loss due to the mass and energy radiation of the sun you mentioned. The sun will last, at its current brightness for 9 billion more years. How long until the sun gets burned down to the point where it cannot sustain life on Earth anymore?

Final Thoughts

Updated: I am more concer... I want to know how much lux the sun emits on a bright day - I don't mean when one stares directly at the sun, but rather when one walks casually outside when the sun is shinning brightly. Now the There is no official "mass of the sun" in kilograms. However there is an official "solar mass parameter" $ \mathrm {GM}_\mathrm {s}$ (previously known as the heliocentric gravitation constant).